La classification de Vendler revue et corrigée

17 pages, initialement paru comme rapport n°9718 du CREA, Polytechnique, Paris, en Oct 97International audienceDans cet article, nous commentons la classification des verbes de Vendler, l'amendons quelque peu, et tentons d'établir sa légitimité en isolant les principes qui la fondent

Diagrammes pour résoudre le problème d'Einstein et celui d'un joueur de MasterMind

29 pages.Ce rapport est une annexe au rapport “Représentations diagrammatiques: perspectives cognitives et computationnelles” (C. Recanati, paru dans Intellectica n°40, 2005). Nous y développons deux exemples d'utilisation de diagrammes dans des raisonnements humaThis report has been thought as a supplement to the article “Représentations diagrammatiques: perspectives cognitives et computationnelles” (C. Recanati, Intellectica n°40, 2005). We give here two detailed examples of the use of diagrams in human reasoning. The main part reports observations made on the strategy of players in the game of Master Mind

Characteristics of diagrammatic reasoning

International audienceDiagrammatic, analogical or iconic representations are often contrasted with linguistic or logical representations, in which the shape of the symbols is arbitrary. Although commonly used, diagrams have long suffered from their reputation as mere tools, as mere support for intuition. We list here the main characteristics of diagrammatic inferential systems, and defend the idea that heterogeneous representation systems, including both linguistic and diagrammatic representations, offer real computational perspectives in knowledge modeling and reasoning

Raisonner avec des diagrammes : perspectives cognitives et computationnelles

31 pagesInternational audienceDiagrammatic, analogical or iconic representations are often contrasted with linguistic or logical representations, in which the shape of the symbols is arbitrary. The aim of this paper is to make a case for the usefulness of diagrams in inferential knowledge representation systems. Although commonly used, diagrams have for a long time suffered from the reputation of being only a heuristic tool or a mere support for intuition. The first part of this paper is an historical background paying tribute to the logicians, psychologists and computer scientists who put an end to this formal prejudice against diagrams. The second part is a discussion of their characteristics as opposed to those of linguistic forms. The last part is aimed at reviving the interest for heterogeneous representation systems including both linguistic and diagrammatic representations

Hybrid Reasoning and the Future of Iconic Representations

We give a brief overview of the main characteristics of diagrammatic reasoning, analyze a case of human reasoning in a mastermind game, and explain why hybrid representation systems (HRS) are particularly attractive and promising for Artificial General Intelligence and Computer Science in general.Comment: pp. 299-31

The structure of verbal sequences analyzed with unsupervised learning techniques

Data mining allows the exploration of sequences of phenomena, whereas one usually tends to focus on isolated phenomena or on the relation between two phenomena. It offers invaluable tools for theoretical analyses and exploration of the structure of sentences, texts, dialogues, and speech. We report here the results of an attempt at using it for inspecting sequences of verbs from French accounts of road accidents. This analysis comes from an original approach of unsupervised training allowing the discovery of the structure of sequential data. The entries of the analyzer were only made of the verbs appearing in the sentences. It provided a classification of the links between two successive verbs into four distinct clusters, allowing thus text segmentation. We give here an interpretation of these clusters by applying a statistical analysis to independent semantic annotations

Towards a denotational semantics for a reflective Scheme - An implementation of the towerless model

16 pagesA denotational description of a reflective schemeThis paper presented a Flat Reflexive Scheme Interpreter (FRSI) by means of which process migration was performed in a prototypic system for dynamic migration of programs. The implementation of this interpreter was based on the semantical description of the underlying language. A conclusion of this paper is that it is not possible to give an usual structural denotational description of reflective languages. Nevertheless, we have given here what we have called a relative denotational semantics of this language

How to be correct, lazy and efficient ?

21 pagesPresentation of Lambdix, a lazy lisp interpreter designed at the same time than Scheme at the end of the eighties.This paper is an introduction to Lambdix, a lazy Lisp interpreter implemented at the Research Laboratory of Paris XI University (Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Orsay). Lambdix was devised in the course of an investigation into the relationship between the semantics of programming languages and their implementation; it was used to demonstrate that in the Lisp domain, semantic correctness is consistent with efficiency, contrary to what has often been claimed. The first part of the paper is an overview of well-known semantic difficulties encountered by Lisp as well as an informal presentation of Lambdix; it is shown that the difficulties which Lisp encouters do not arise in Lambdix. The second part is about efficiency in implementation models. It explains why Lambdix is better suited for lazy evaluation than previous models. The section ends by giving comparative execution time tables

Enchaînements verbaux - étude sur le temps et l'aspect utilisant des techniques d'apprentissage non supervisé

10 pagesNational audienceUnsupervised learning allows the discovery of initially unknown categories. Current techniques make it possible to explore sequences of phenomena whereas one tends to focus on the analysis of isolated phenomena or on the relation between two phenomena. They offer thus invaluable tools for the analysis of sequential data, and in particular, for the discovery of textual structures. We report here the results of a first attempt at using them for inspecting sequences of verbs coming from sentences of French accounts of road accidents. Verbs were encoded as pairs (cat, tense) – where cat is the aspectual category of a verb, and tense its grammatical tense. The analysis, based on an original approach, provided a classification of the links between two successive verbs into four distinct groups (clusters) allowing texts segmentation. We give here an interpretation of these clusters by using statistics on semantic annotations independent of the training process